When the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) operates, its processes can seem seamless. This U.S. Department of Energy facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory relies on numerous people and systems to produce ultra-bright X-ray light for global scientific research.
Robert Todd leads the NSLS-II Vacuum Group, which is crucial for maintaining a vacuum system that allows researchers to conduct experiments without losing electron beams and X-ray photons. "Vacuum can easily be taken for granted until you don’t have it," Todd explains, emphasizing the importance of removing gases like oxygen and nitrogen from the system.
The vacuum system at NSLS-II differs significantly from household vacuums. While household vacuums reduce pressure to about 600 torr, NSLS-II achieves an ultra-high vacuum level around one hundred-billionth of a torr. Todd describes this as akin to conditions in outer space, achieved through various pumps and specialized equipment.
Todd highlights that his team faces few operational challenges due to sound design and a skilled team of engineers and technicians. This allows them to focus on new beamline designs and future upgrades while collaborating with other national laboratories.
Todd's career began at Brookhaven Lab in 1987 after studying mechanical engineering at SUNY Binghamton. His interest in vacuum science was sparked by similarities between vacuum pumps and engines. He has been involved in projects like the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) project before leading the NSLS-II vacuum systems group in 2020.
Reflecting on his career, Todd advises newcomers: "Don’t be afraid to explore the things that interest you." He praises Brookhaven Lab as a place for growth, attributing much of his positive experience to mentors like Kimo Welch, Dick Hseuh, and Charles Hetzel.
Outside work, Todd enjoys cars and athletic activities such as triathlons. His family also shares ties with NSLS-II; his daughter interned there during high school.
Looking ahead, NSLS-II plans potential accelerator upgrades towards fourth-generation technology with world-leading emittance capabilities.